Share on PinterestNew research looks into the role of genes and their variants in workout outcomes. RunPhoto/Getty Images
- Researchers from Cambridge University published a meta-analysis in PLOS ONE identifying 13 candidate genes associated with fitness outcomes in previously untrained people.
- Genetic influences accounted for 72% of the difference in the results of those in the strength training group.
- Genetic factors had less effect on the outcomes in the aerobic (44%) and anaerobic power groups (10%).
- Further research is necessary to determine the exact roles of fitness genes and how best to tailor exercise training according to genetic makeup.
Physical activity is essential for maintaining health, reducing chronic diseases, and preventing premature death. The 2018 physical activity guidelines for Americans recommend a combination of moderate intensity and vigorous intensity aerobic exercise alongside muscle-strengthening activities involving the major muscle groups.
The advice is for adults to do 150–300 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity, 75–150 minutes of vigorous intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent mix. They can spread this activity throughout the week and should also engage in strength training on at least 2 days of the week to reap additional health benefits.
The three components necessary to determine health-related fitness are cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and anaerobic power. Cardiovascular or cardiorespiratory fitness measures how efficiently the respiratory and circulatory systems supply oxygen to the skeletal muscle for energy production during physical activity.
The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) test is one way to determine cardiorespiratory fitness. The VO2 max test measures the body’s maximum oxygen consumption capacity during a vigorous intensity activity, such as running on a treadmill.
A higher VO2 max indicates an improved ability to supply and utilize oxygen and maintain aerobic activities at an increased intensity for extended periods. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and death from all causes in adults.
Muscular strength is the body’s capability to exert a …….